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ENGLAND: England, largest (50,334 sq mi/130,365 sq km) and most populous (1991 pop. 46,382,050) political division of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Separated from the continent of Europe by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover, and the North Sea, it is bounded by Wales and the Irish Sea (W) and Scotland (N). The Isle of Wight and the Scilly Islands are part of England. Inland from the white chalk cliffs of the southern coast lie gently rolling downs and wide plains. The lowlands of the east coast extend north to the reclaimed marsh of the Fens. Northern England, above the Humber R., is mountainous; the chief highlands are the Cumbrian Mts. and the Pennines, and the famous Lake District, in the Cumbrians, is the site of England's highest points. Central England-the Midlands-is a large plain, interrupted and bordered by hills. In the west and southwest the terrain is high and hilly. The Thames and the Severn are the longest rivers. Among the principal cities are London, the capital of the United Kingdom; Birmingham and Manchester, both industrial centers; and Liverpool and Bristol, important ports. Despite its northerly latitudes, England has a mild climate. Most of the region is subject to wet weather and some of it to severe cold, but in general life in England is conducive to a wide variety of agricultural and industrial pursuits.
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